Troubleshoot CPUs
In the last topic, you resolved memory problems. In addition to memory, the processor is involved in every computer operation and can cause problems throughout the system if it is compromised. In this topic, you will troubleshoot CPUs.
Because the processor provides the computational power that drives everything that a personal computer does, the ability to recognize and resolve processor issues is a critical skill for com- puter technicians.
Common CPU Issues
Most problems with CPUs can be attributed to overheating or outright failure. The main solu- tion to CPU problems is to replace the CPU or the entire system board. When you replace a processor, you must select a processor that is compatible with the type supported by the sys- tem board.
● If you suspect the cooling system is a problem, you can add more cooling devices,
upgrade to more efficient devices, or replace failed devices.
In the last topic, you resolved memory problems. In addition to memory, the processor is involved in every computer operation and can cause problems throughout the system if it is compromised. In this topic, you will troubleshoot CPUs.
Because the processor provides the computational power that drives everything that a personal computer does, the ability to recognize and resolve processor issues is a critical skill for com- puter technicians.
Common CPU Issues
Most problems with CPUs can be attributed to overheating or outright failure. The main solu- tion to CPU problems is to replace the CPU or the entire system board. When you replace a processor, you must select a processor that is compatible with the type supported by the sys- tem board.
CPU Replacement Tips
Today’s ZIF sockets enable the chip to drop in, which ensures that Pin 1 on the processor is properly aligned with Pin 1 on the socket and that you do not bend the pins when removing or inserting the processor. The chip will fit easily and does not need to be forced; once the chip is in place, you can lower and secure the retaining clip.
CPUs and Cooling Systems
Because CPUs are prone to damage from overheating, you should always consider the cooling system components when you are troubleshooting CPU issues. For instance, if a user is experi- encing intermittent problems during operation, there could be inadequate airflow within the computer chassis that can be corrected by providing space in front of the vents and fans. Also, dust can often accumulate on the CPU’s heatsink, and can reduce the efficiency of the heatsink, possibly causing the CPU to overheat.
When thermal problems cause a system to shut down or fail to boot, it could be that the over- all system cooling is inadequate, a cooling device has failed, or the processor is overclocked, whether intentional or not.
Today’s ZIF sockets enable the chip to drop in, which ensures that Pin 1 on the processor is properly aligned with Pin 1 on the socket and that you do not bend the pins when removing or inserting the processor. The chip will fit easily and does not need to be forced; once the chip is in place, you can lower and secure the retaining clip.
CPUs and Cooling Systems
Because CPUs are prone to damage from overheating, you should always consider the cooling system components when you are troubleshooting CPU issues. For instance, if a user is experi- encing intermittent problems during operation, there could be inadequate airflow within the computer chassis that can be corrected by providing space in front of the vents and fans. Also, dust can often accumulate on the CPU’s heatsink, and can reduce the efficiency of the heatsink, possibly causing the CPU to overheat.
When thermal problems cause a system to shut down or fail to boot, it could be that the over- all system cooling is inadequate, a cooling device has failed, or the processor is overclocked, whether intentional or not.
● If you suspect the CPU is overclocked, use BIOS or jumper settings to reduce the CPU
speed.
How to Troubleshoot CPUs
Procedure Reference: Troubleshoot CPUs
To troubleshoot CPUs:
Problems with cooling systems can often manifest themselves as CPU problems. To trouble- shoot cooling systems:
How to Troubleshoot CPUs
Procedure Reference: Troubleshoot CPUs
To troubleshoot CPUs:
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If you suspect that overheating is causing CPU problems, verify that the CPU fan is
installed and functional. If the fan doesn’t work, replace it.
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On older systems, chip creep can occur over time. Reseat the CPU if you think that chip
creep might be the source of your CPU problems.
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Processors have no serviceable parts. When a processor is defective, you need to install a
new one. Thus, CPU failure usually requires you to replace the processor.
Problems with cooling systems can often manifest themselves as CPU problems. To trouble- shoot cooling systems:
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Verify that the air vents in the computer chassis are not blocked.
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Move the system further from the wall if airflow is not sufficient.
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Use compressed air to remove dust and dirt from fan components and the CPU heatsink.
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Verify that the fan blades are turning freely; remove debris or obstructions.
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Make sure the heat sink is securely clipped to the CPU.
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If a cooling component has failed, replace it.
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Configure the processor to eliminate overclocking.
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Inadequate system cooling can create ongoing thermal problems that cause the system to
shut down or not to boot at all. If cooling is an ongoing issue, the ultimate solution is to
upgrade the cooling system by replacing or adding cooling devices.
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